Liu Rushi (1618—1664), originally named Yang Ai, later changed her name to Liu Yin or Liu Shi. She styled herself Rushi and used such courtesy names as Sir Miwu and Sir Hedong. Li...

Gu Yanwu (1613—1682), a native of Kunshan in Jiangsu, was originally named Jiang and styled Zhongqing. He passed the county-level imperial exam and chose to become a scholar durin...

Qian Qianyi (1582—1664), a native of Changshu County in the southern area of the Yangtze River (a part of today’s Suzhou), styled himself as Shouzhi and used the pseudonym Mu Zha...